Oil-burner



W. R. QUINN. OiL BURNER. APPLICATION FILED. FEB. 12,1918. RENEWED AUG. 11,19l9.

Patented Feb. 17, 1920.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE,

WILLIAM RAYMOND QUINN, or SPOKANE, WASHINGTON.

Specification of Letters Patent.

I OIL-BURNER.

; Patented Feb. 17,1920.

Application filed February 12, 1918, Serial No. 216,739. Renewed August 11, 1919. Serial No. 316,835.

. To all whom it 'mdg concern:

This invention relates to improvements in 01l' burners, and has to do more particularly with that type of burners in which both the steam and the oil, or fuel, are fed under pressure, in contradistinction to that type of is a species of the broad genus, the oil and V burners wherein the oil is fedby gravity.

Heretofore, one of the greatest diiiiculties" to overcome in this class of burners has been that of fully breaking up the oil so as to more completely utilize the atomizing-and expansion of both the steam and the ,oil.- It

has been proposed todirect the oil'against the onrushing steam but the momentary colliding contact is not sufiicient to break up the oil so that the atomiZi-ng action oi the steam is fully effective. s

Now it is the pri tion, both as a method and as a mechanism, to break up, disintegrate and disperse the oil just prior to the atomizing action of the steam thereon so that when the steam begins to act, the oil will be suiliciently broken up so that the steam will be initially acting with the greatest eiiiciency in atomizing the oil. Therefore my invention includes an abutment against which the'oil is--initially directed prior to engagement of the oil with the steam. ltly imprpved abutment not only v functions to break up the oil but it is so shaped, in the preferred construction, as spread the oil after the latter has been broken up, and in this connection, it is also a feature of my invention in at least one em-. bodiment, to change the direction of flow of the oil after the latter has been broken up Thus in one of the oil from a direction, reverse to the direction of flow of "the steam, into a tion substantially coincident with the direcf tion of flow of the steam;

A further feature of my invention consists in providing a casing for the burner with a suitable enlargement arranged and disposed mary object of myinvenr form of my invention the oil and the steam are directed toward each other and the abutment is interposed in a manner to intersect and change the direction offi ow'g gures of the drawing.

area beginning, substantially, at that zone where the steam and oil commingle, andextending for a suflicient length to provide for the necessary expansion.

' A further feature consists in contracting the first or initial expansion chamber after allowance has been madefor sufiicient initial 1 expansion, and then providing one or series of supplemental combination expansion abutment chambers" through which the fuel is directed toward the burner tip.

1 In another form of my invention, which the steam travel in the same general direction but the oil is intercepted by an abutment and subsequently deflected into the path of the steam after the oil has been thoroughly'brokenup.

A further feature'oi my invention consists in an improved burner tip which is forked or bifurcated,,the bight oi the fork or bifurcation forming an air chamber into which air is constantly drawn by the heated surfaces of the ti-p inerder efiectively 1 support combustion.

My invention has other features and ohjects which will be more fully described in of of a sectional view on -ne i ig'. 5, is an end viewlof thebuitcer tip looking in the direction of arrow 5. v

Fig. 6, is a longitudinal Iragmentary sectional view of a modified form of my invention.

Like characters of reference cesie'nate I I I I II a similar arts throu hont tle different lia-w First referring to the intake endor head of the burner, "i designates the head housing which is threaded into aburner casing 2, as indicated at 3. A steam inlet for the head is Y designated at 4 and an oil inlet is shown at 5.

The oil inlet 5 extends? radially into the housing and has an elbow 6. An oil containa sectional view on line lof T ILQQ inn pipe 7 connects with said elbow by a' threaded connection 8 and has a threaded connection 9 with my improved- Jet, abutment structure which will be presently de-.

scribed. A needle Valve 10 has threaded connection in a suitable packing gland 11 and is provided with. ahand wheel 12, on its outer-end. Said needle'valve 10 is suitablytapered at13 and seats ina complementally tapered bore. in the elbow of oil inlet 5.

When cold oil is ,being. fed, or when the burner is being started, the needle valve .Wlll

be op ned' to permit steam 'to-enter and notv only ropel but quickly heatthe oil. In-

asmuch as my invention does notrelate to this part of the burner structure,a, further detailed description :is unnecessary. I

My improved mixer and "oil breakercomf bination jet and abutment structure is indif cated as a whole at 14 and is provided wlth 2 an annular steam head 15 which fits tightly in thecasing 2 and which is held in positionby its threaded connection at 9 with the oil pipe 7. The head 15 is provided with, acir-v cular se'tof apertures or passages '16 which areso small in .size that steam passing therethrough atboiler pressure will take 1 the form of wire drawn jets havainga very great velocity. The mixer and breaker abutment structure is provided with an axial oil passage. 17 extending-toward the; burner tip and which is of very greatly reduced diameter with respect to the bore of the oil containing pipe 7. This reduction, very tly increases the velocity of flow of t e oil,

which is fed under pressure, and which at this point, flows in the general direction of the steam. The structure 14' terminates in a hollow oil jet-head 18 which may be closed by a plug 19, for various practical reasons relative to drilling and cleaning. In this head 18 there isprovided a, circular set of oil jet passages 20 which open for discharge 0f the oil to the left of Fig. 1 in the direction indicated by the arrow 21. It will be noted that the direction of the oil has now been reversed and that it flows toward the onrushing jets of steam discharging through passages 16. However thediametrical.

mension of the circular series of oil jet passages 20,.fr0m center to center, is very much reduced with respect toa diametrical dimensi'on of the passages 16. Therefore, while the oil flows towardjthe steam, it is out of line with the steam, orin other words, it is radially inwardly thereof. v

- described, and in the absence of an abut ment, the oil would not collide with the steam as would be the case if the oil passages were in" line with the steam passages. I will next describe. my improved mixer "and breaker abutment structure.

This a butment structure has a cross sec.-

tion at 22 which is so reduced with respect to the diameter of the-setof-oil passages20,

Even with the present structure, as now that the oil will not engage the abutment until it has traversed a considerable length j oil to acquire a considerable velocity before it engages the abutment. From point 23, the gradually flaring diameter functions to spread the oil a much more attenuated tubularsheet than at points in advance, or

to the right of 23.- This enlargingflare,

indicated at 24, ter'minatesin a somewhat abrupt abutment 25, against'which the oil" impacts and-is broken-.up. .This impact and breaking up operation-serves to completely shatter the oil into small particles thereby greatly steam. Now it will be seen that up 'to point 25' the oil will notonly be shattered and broken 1 upbut it will also be deflected outwardly facilitating-- "atomization .by "the radially as a result of sudden intercep- 'tion'of its flow. While this outward deflection is of the greatest possible advantage by reason of the fact that it throws the oil directly into-the pathof the steam,- as willbe presentlydescribed, I' still further perfect the abutment by curving it to-the right of Fig. 1, indicated at'26, thereby not only causm'g the abutment to de ect the oil radi- 1 ally outwardly, but; to additionally change its course of travel-to the (Extent of practically reversing its flow into u path of travel of the steam.

It will thus be seen that my improved abutment," in this .form of the invention, is

'b'stantially the interpo-sedbetween the oil'and steam flowing toward each otheran'd that it functions both to deflect and substantially reverse the path of the oil.

The jet str'ucture is 'ver appreciably res ,stricted in diameter M127 tween ,the abutment and the steam jets, so as to permit of i a most effective expansion of the'steam as indicatedby arrows 28. Furthermore, from the annular area-'29,- ,thecasing 2 enlarges as indicated at 30 and the abutmentstructure is so restricted in size that from the point 27' at which the oil and steam commingle, there is a very eflective expansion chamber provid'ed, as indicatedat 31, for the initial ex-j p-ansion' of the atomized fuel. This initial chamber 31 is constricted, a

32 and it is a feature of my i'rfventi'ontoprm vide'one or more or a series of supplemental and combined abutment and, expansion chambers. In the presentform, two such 2 chambers are" shown at 33 and 34:. Chamber 33, has its constricted intake at 35 and the expansion resulting upon the fuel and steam entering chamber 33 causes the fuel to be threaded oil head is turned directly onto' pipe LO, and is provided with a seriesof oil jet passages 42. An abutment 43 is provided witha constricted neck 44 which is formed integral with the head and which permits of a considerable length of expansion and flow of the oil, as indicated by arrow d5, before. the oil strikes the abutment 43, at 46. After the oil strikes the abutment it is spread and broken up and deflected by the suddenly increasing curve 4&7 before the steam has an opportunity to engage the oil to atomize-the same. A--threaded steam "head l8 is turned onto the oil head at a9 and is provided with a. series of steam passages 50. The steam egresses, as indicated by arrow 51, so as to engage the oil as the latter is thrown outwardly by the curvature of the abutment. I

Now it will be seen that in this form of the invention, the oil travels in the same direction as the steam," and is not reversed in its flow, as in the form shown in Fig.1. However, like the preferred construction this form of my invention serves to break up the oil before the latter is engaged by the steam and likewise this form may be provided with suitable expansion and abutment chambers.

It will no-wbe seen that themethod invention herein disclosed is'not dependent upon anyone specific construction and 1 consider my improved method to consist in intercepting a pressure jet of oil to break up the same, prior to engagement of the oil by the steam, irrespective of the means by which this is accomplished.

I also consider that my invention resides in the combination oil and steam jet abutment structure, as an article ofmanufacture, and as indicated in Fig. 1, by the general numeral 14, and as shown in Fig. 6.

My invention also includes a burner tip which comprises a tubular body 51 adapted to be attached to the casing 2, at 52. The tip is bifurcated and the bifurcated portions 53 are each provided with an elongated slit or slot through which the fuel is expressed. A chamber 7 55, of considerable area, 18 formed at the bight of the fork and is open at the ends 56. The heated surfaces serve to induce a continuous inflow of air into said chamber, and between said slots 54 so as to effectively support combustion.

It is believed that the novelty and utility of my invention will be fully understood.

from the foregoing description and while I have herein shown and described specific forms for carrying out my invention, I do not wish to be. limited thereto except for such limitations as the claimsmay import.

I claim:

1. In a jet structure for pressure fed oil burners, a body adapted to be inserted into the casing of a burner'and having an axial oil'passage extending from the rear toward the front of said burner or body, said oil passage terminating in a plurality of oil jet apertures opening toward the rear of said body, said body having an abutment extend: ing radially outwardly from said apertures to intercept the oil and break it up, and said abutment being flared and curved to spread the oil outwardly and then substantially reverse the direction of travel of the oil, and said body having steam jet openings rearwardly of said abutment and disposed in position to direct the steam toward and into the oil as the direction of t e latter is changed by said abutment.

2. In a pressure fed oil burner, means for directing jets of oil rearwardly in said burner, an abutment for contact with the oil to break-it up and substantially reverse its direction from a rearward to a forward direction, means for directing steam jets for wardly and into the path of the oily after its direction has been changed, and a casing for said burner having an enlargement forming anexpansionchamber substantially at the area at which the steam engages the oil.

3. in a jet structure for oil burners, a

body adapted to be inserted into the casing of a burner and having an axial oil passage extending from the rear toward the front of said body, said passage terminating in a plurality of jet apertures opening toward the rear of said body, said body having an abutment rearwardly of said jet apertures and disposed in a position tointercept the oil discharging from said apertures, and said body having steam jet apertures on that side of the abutment rearwardly of said oil apertures.

4:. Ina pressure fed oil burner, a casing, a mixer adapted to be inserted into the casing and having an axial oil passage extend- .ing from the rear toward the front of said body, said Oll passage terminating in a plurality of oil jet apertures opening toward the rear of said body, an abutment on the mixer to intercept the oil and break it up, said mixer having steam jet openings rearwardly of said abutment disposed in position ioo to direct thesteam toward and into the hi1,

the abutment on the mixture located so as to break up the oil priorwas contact" with the steam.

5. In a'pressure fed 6i} burner, a mixer having an oil passage extending therethrough, and an abutment thereon, jet apertures fer directing'oil rearwardly againstthe abutment, steam passages in the mixer rearwardly of the abutment and an expan- "sion chamber between said steam passages andv the abutment.

Y 6, ln a pressure fed 011 burner, means for directing a jet of steam to 'atomize the oil, means for direqting a jet of Oil under pressure, and an abutment located between. the

jet of steam and the :jet --of oil andjlocated in the path of the jet of oil for initial engagement therewith and shaped to prevent conta'et with the steam until after'the oil has i of said pipe.

engaged and been broken up by engagement with saidabutment.

7.. In a pressure fed oil burner, a easing,

means within thecasi ng fen directing a jet of steam to at'omize the oil, means for directshaped to prevent contact with the steam until after theoil has engaged and been broken up by engagement with said abutment, a

pipe extending forwardly of the casing,

baffles in said pipe for further-mixing the steam and oil,' and a burner-tip en the end -In testimony that I 'claimthe tore going as my own Ihereby aflix my signature, t

WILLIAM-RAYMOND QUINN. 

